人工智能技術的迅猛發展引發了一個關鍵問題：是否應採取各種方式約束這些技術對人類生活的侵犯。以人權為核心的個人權利構成了更具規範性和說服力的約束形式。過去幾年，人們持續討論著人工智能和數字技術的新發展是否需要我們從多個角度重新審視對人權的理解。在本講座中，Tasioulas教授將探討一種可能的概念重塑：人工智能的崛起為承認「受人類決策的權利」提供了正當理由。這項權利要求某些類型的決策應由人類而非人工智能系統來做出。這一概念不僅僅是一個哲學思辨問題，更是一個正在浮現的政治和法律現實。歐盟《通用數據保護條例》第22條規定了“不受僅基於自動化處理的決定約束的權利”。去年10月，白宮科學技術政策辦公室發佈了《人工智能權利法案》藍圖，其中包含了以下指導原則：在適當的情況下，人們應該有選擇退出自動化系統，轉而選擇人類替代方案的權利。在本講座中，Tasioulas教授將描述一個支持「受人類決策的權利」的道德案例，討論其形式、內容和理由，以及針對這項權利存在的兩種質疑：一是對於新人權的普遍質疑；二是基於冗餘考慮的質疑。

The spectacular development of AI-based technologies raises the question whether the encroachment of these technologies upon our lives should be constrained in various ways. Among the more normatively powerful and rhetorically resonant forms of constraint is the kind established by individual rights, especially human rights. And there has been an important discussion underway for some time now as to whether new developments in AI and digital technologies generally require that we re-conceive our understanding of human rights in various ways. In this talk, Professor Tasioulas focuses on one potential reconception: that the rise of AI justifies the recognition of a right to a human decision which requires, among other things, that certain types of decisions are made by humans and not AI systems. The broad idea of such a right is not purely a matter of philosophical speculation, but an emergent political and legal reality. Article 22 of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation sets out a qualified ‘right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing’. Meanwhile, in October last year the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy published a Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights which includes the guideline that people should be able to “opt out from automated systems in favour of a human alternative, where appropriate”. Professor Tasioulas will sketch a moral case for the existence of a right to a human decision, discussing its form, content and justification. He also addresses two kinds of scepticism about the existence of such a right — scepticism about new human rights generally, and scepticism about the putative right to a human decision on the grounds of redundancy.

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Dec 12, 2023（Tuesday）12:00 – 13:00

Venue: Academic Conference Room, 11/F, Cheng Yu Tung Tower, HKU (Conduct in English) (In-person only)

Speaker: John Tasioulas, Director, Institute for Ethics in AI, University of Oxford

Discussant: Brian Wong, Assistant Professor in Philosophy, The University of Hong Kong

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